Solar System Budget

If you had $100 to split up and divvy up between everything in our solar system, what would everything be worth?

The Sun would be $50. In the lecture, it would be $99.85.
Jupiter would be $20. It actually would get 10.6 cents.
Saturn would be $10. It is actually 3.2 cents.
Neptune would be $5. It's actually .006 cents.
Uranus would be $4. It is actually .005 cents.
Mars would be $2. It's actually .00004 cents.
Mercury would be $1. It's actually .00002 cents.
Earth would be $3. It is actually .0003 cents.
Venus would be $2. It's actually .0003 cents.
The remaining would be divided between the asteroid belt, moons, and other things.

The Moon

What causes the seasons?
The seasons are caused by the Earth's axis being tilted. As Earth orbits the sun, its tilted axis always points in the same direction. So, throughout the year, different parts of Earth get more of the sun’s direct rays.

What causes the phases of the moon?
My guess is that the phases of the moon are caused by its positioning behind the earth and the shadow that gets cast on to it. I do not know for sure, because it has been a long time since I had studied the moon.

Kepler's 3 Laws of Planetary Motion

Kepler's 1st Law: The planets orbit the sun in elliptical orbits with the sun at the focal point. This means that the planets rotate the sun in a shape that resembles an oval. Unlike what most people think, their paths are not circular.

 Kepler's 2nd Law: The line connecting a planet to the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal amounts of time. A planet may cover more distance on the perimeter of its orbit, but if you were to construct a wedge using the beginning and ending points, the area covered would be the same.

 

Kepler's 3rd Law:  The time required for a planet to orbit the sun (the period) is proportional to the long axis of the ellipse raised to the 3/2 power, the constant of proportionality is the same for all the planets. In mathematical terms, the Orbital Period= (Long Axis)^3/2.